Buddhist Discourses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Buddhist Discourses - Essay Example Firstly the conversation centers upon external and internal anxieties experienced by a person. Buddha says that the anxiety about something non-existent externally can be overcome by the realization that the possession of things is impermanent (Early Discourses, 110). What mine was before is not certainly mine now. If a person understands this truth, he will have no external anxiety. Also a person who thinks he will become a permanent thing and remain so for eternity after death becomes anxious if he is exposed to the dhamma as taught by the tathagata or his disciple. The teaching eliminates all standpoints of speculative views which involve obstinacy, favoritism, and possessiveness, produces an effect of calming of all dispositions to actions, forsakes all attachments, and destroys craving (Early Discourses, 110). The teaching is for nibbana, the complete freedom from suffering. This internal anxiety could be overcome if the person does not think he will be permanent and then expose himself to the teaching. At the end of this part of the conversation, the disciples do not seem to continue their quest for solution to the anxiety. Buddha simply starts asking questions about permanency of things. It was not clear how the internal anxiety could be overcome, meaning the process of removal of the anxiety.

Childrens literature Essay Example for Free

Childrens literature Essay Reading is one of the most important lifelong activities. Young children are connected with reading and books long before they actually know how to read. It starts when a child has the first book in his hand or when parents read to him from a book. It is a wonderful way for young children to spend time together with their parents. The interaction that is going on between a child and parent when they are reading together has some important components. One of them is predictability—as these activities usually occur on a regular schedule and follow a regular pattern of steps. Playfulness is evident as these activities are done for fun. Language is used to construct meaning and share ideas. The child gets opportunities to lead the activity, the parent is modeling language and reading behavior and together they develop their own jargon for many ideas. In this way parents intuitively use the lab method to teach their children about language, print, and books (Daniels, 1994, p. 37). A child understands that a book is connected with something pleasant for him and his important adults, something that makes them feel good. He understands the meaning of the word for an object long before he can say this word. Later he starts to understand that there are pictures and words in books and that they have some meaning. This is first step in developing reading abilities and love towards books. The joy of reading and love of books is crucial for each childs development it is measured not only in school success but also in meaningful social interactions. This has been a decade of technological advances. From iPods to electronic readers children are bombarded with electrical images and stimulations. But the surprising truth is that even with all the advances in electronics and gadgetry, reading to children and having them read is still one of the most important skills to give a child. Reading to a child can promote a child’s cerebral and emotional development. While any positive interaction between parent and child is helpful, reading is always a sure fire way to gain a positive foothold into a child’s life. Books open doors to new ideas, cultures and concepts. By reading to young children a parent helps instill a love of books in children and helps them want to read more. The internet is a great learning resource for children as well as adults but a good reading ability should come first and foremost. Without a strong reading capability a child is unable to use the internet to its full potential. The Parent’s Role in Fostering a Love of Reading A parent is a partner in the life of his or her child. Parents can instill a love of books and delight in wordplay, develop pre-reading skills and help children become accomplished independent readers. Listed below are several ways to incorporate a joy of reading in a child. †¢ Read to the child every day. Start as early as possible. Books on tape can also be utilized. †¢ Sing nursery rhymes and children’s songs. †¢ As early as possible help the children obtain a library card. †¢ Treat books as though they are special. †¢ Give books at Christmas, birthdays and as rewards. †¢ Let the child make picture books by cutting out pictures from magazines or pictures they colored and glue them into homemade books. †¢ Make sure the child sees the parent reading. It doesn’t have to be a book; reading newspapers, magazines, or even the back of a cereal box can provide an example. When reading aloud, read with expression and excitement. †¢ Give the child opportunities to write even if it is unreadable. †¢ Let the child tell a story that the parent writes down. When it is completed let the child illustrate the story. †¢ Let the child pick the story for story time. †¢ Let the child help parents cook following a recipe card or cookbook. Books Help Children Develop Vital Language Skills Reading is an important skill that needs to be developed in children. Not only is it necessary for survival in the world of schools and (later on) universities, but in adult life as well. The ability to learn about new subjects and find helpful information on anything from health problems and consumer protection to more academic research into science or the arts depends on the ability to read. The more children read, the better they become at reading. Its as simple as that. The more enjoyable the things they read are, the more theyll stick with them and develop the reading skills that theyll need for full access to information in their adult lives. Reading should be viewed as a pleasurable activity as a source of entertaining tales and useful and interesting factual information. The more young children are read to, the greater their interest in mastering reading. Reading out loud exposes children to proper grammar and phrasing. It enhances the development of their spoken language skills, their ability to express themselves verbally. Reading, by way of books, magazines or websites, exposes kids to new vocabulary. Even when they dont understand every new word, they absorb something from the context that may deepen their understanding of it the next time the word is encountered. When parents read aloud to children, the children also hear correct pronunciation as they see the words on the page, even if they cant yet read the words on their own. Reading Can Open Up New Worlds and Enrich Childrens Lives As mentioned above, reading opens doors doors to factual information about any subject on earth, practical or theoretical. Given the wealth of available resources such as Internet, libraries, schools and bookstores, if children can read well and if they see reading as a source of information, then for the rest of their lives they will have access to all of the accumulated knowledge of mankind, access to all of the great minds and ideas of the past and present. It truly is magic ! Through books, children can also learn about people and places from other parts of the world, improving their understanding of and concern for all of humanity. This, in turn, contributes towards our sense that we truly live in a global village and may help us bring about a more peaceful future for everyone. This can happen through nonfiction but, perhaps even more importantly, reading novels that are set in other places and time periods can give children a deeper understanding of others through identification with individual characters and their plights. Through stories and novels children can vicariously try out new experiences and test new ideas, with no negative consequences in their real lives. They can meet characters who theyll enjoy returning to for comforting and satisfying visits when they reread a cherished book or discover a sequel. Books also give kids the opportunity to flex their critical thinking skills in such areas as problem solving, the concepts of cause and effect, conflict resolution, and acceptance of responsibility for ones actions. Mysteries allow children to follow clues to their logical conclusions and to try to outguess the author. Even for very young children, a simple story with a repetitive refrain or a simple mystery to solve gives a confidence boost. Children can predict the patterns and successfully solve the riddles. Children are influenced by and imitate the world around them. While a steady diet of violent cartoons may have a detrimental effect on childrens development, carefully chosen stories and books can have a positive influence on children, sensitizing them to the needs of others. For example, books can encourage children to be more cooperative, to share with others, to be kind to animals, or to respect the natural environment. Reading Can Enhance Childrens Social Skills  Although reading is thought of as the quintessential solitary activity, in certain circumstances reading can be a socializing activity. For example, a parent or grandparent reading a story aloud, whether from a traditional printed book or from an ebook, can be a great opportunity for adult and child to share some quiet, relaxed quality time together away from the rush and stresses of the business of daily living. They share a few minutes of precious time, plus they share the ideas that are contained in the story. In addition, older children can be encouraged to read aloud to younger ones as a means of enhancing their relationship. At school or at a library story hour, books can bring children together and can be part of a positive shared experience. For some preschoolers this may be their primary opportunity to socialize and to learn how to behave around other children or how to sit quietly for a group activity. Make the most of this experience by encouraging children to talk about what theyve read or heard. Reading Can Improve Hand-Eye Coordination  It may sound funny, but ebooks can be a way for children to improve their fine motor skills and their hand-eye coordination, as they click around a childfriendly website or click the backward and forward buttons of online story pages. They may also be picking up valuable computer skills that theyll need in school and later in life. Reading Can Provide Children with Plenty of Good, Clean Fun Ive saved the most important point for last. Reading can provide children with endless hours of fun and entertainment. All of the pragmatic reasons above arent at all necessary to justify readings place in childrens lives. Stories can free up imaginations and open up exciting new worlds of fantasy or reality. They allow children to dream and may give them a good start on the road to viewing reading as a lifelong source of pleasure; so read to your young children every day. Inspire your older children to read. Give them access to plenty of reading material that theyll enjoy and discuss it with them. Sample everything traditional printed books and ebooks on Internet, classic childrens novels and fairy tales, as well as more modern stories. If a child wants to hear the same story over and over again, dont worry about it. Children take comfort from the familiarity and predictability of a beloved story that they know by heart. Theres no harm in that. Reread old favorites and, at the same time, introduce your children to new stories. Your childs mind and heart have room for both. So Reading Really Does Matter After All There are so many ways in which reading continues to be both a vital skill for children to master, and an important source of knowledge and pleasure that can last a lifetime. Nurture it in your children. Make the most of all the resources that are available and waiting for you: printed books, online books, magazines and so forth. Encourage follow-up activities involving creative writing skills and the arts, as well, so that your children can reflect upon or expand on what theyve absorbed and, at the same time, develop their own creativity. As you help your kids appreciate the magic of reading, youll find that theres a whole wonderful world full of childrens literature out there that you  can enjoy too.

Reggio Emillia and the Approach Essay -- Education, Te Whariki

Origin from a city in the north of Italy, the Reggio Emilia approach in Early Childhood Education is adopted by multi-countries over the past decades. This approach has a core philosophy, that children should play a leading role in education. Children are seen as full of knowledge and intelligence, with full capabilities to express themselves if only given the proper ways to do to so. They are protagonists of their own learning and have a say in what topics and problems they will study and research. Teachers provide resources to assistant children’s learning and developing. The curriculum is emergent, meaning the teachers choose topics and projects based on careful listening and observations of their student’s interests, needs and inquiries. Children are encouraged to use materials and media to demonstrate their learning and understanding of a topic or project. Documentations and environment have direct influences in helping children’s learning. Parents and comm unity also play a supportive role in children education (O.E.C.D, 2004). Te Whá ¾ ±riki is the New Zealand’s early childhood curriculum, which was developed in 1996. Compared with Reggio Emilia Approach, they have similarities as focus on children’s interests; develop children’s learning though interacting in relationship with others, emphasise the importance of environment and adults’ active responding. They also differ in many ways, such as teacher’s role, culture background and documentation and Assessment. Community and parent support is considered a valuable and vital part of the Reggio Emilia system. The exchange of ideas between parents and teachers is essential and favours the development of a new way of educating. The approach encourages interaction and communic... ...both approach emphasis on Family and Community. The wider world of family and community is an integral part of the early childhood curriculum Te Whá ¾ ±riki (1996). It also states that inclusion and support of parents and the connections with the community is important to the children’s learning process. Moreover Te Whá ¾ ±riki states that â€Å"Parents and caregivers have a wealth of valuable information and understandings regarding their children† (30). Thirdly both approach focus on educators to provide encouragement, warmth, and acceptance. They also provide challenges for creative and complex learning and thinking, helping children to extend their ideas and actions through sensitive, informed, well-judged interventions and support. Te Whá ¾ ±riki principles points out â€Å"children learn through responsive and reciprocal relationships with people, places and things† (p. 14).

The Business of Offshore Outsourcing in India :: Globalization essays, research papers

Offshore outsourcing of IT and business process outsourcing (BPO) is known to be the practice of hiring an external organization to perform some or all business functions in a country other than the one where the product or service will be sold or consumed. â€Å"In 2005 IT and BPO were estimated to have generated revenues of $36 billion contributing nearly 5% of the GDP† (â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p. 1). It is very clear that BPO has transformed into a very large and profitable business, with â€Å"India leading the way by providing $7.5 billion in BPO revenue this year. India’s outsourcing capabilities have grown steadily throughout the last decade† (â€Å"Turning India,† 2006, p. 1). â€Å"In the 1980’s outsourcers in India did low skill jobs such as data entry and some software development. In the 1990’s they expanded by doing larger software projects, taking over entire IT systems and back office functions such as accounting for U.S. and European corporations † (â€Å"Offshoring,† 2006, p.1). â€Å"Indian IT grew on the relatively humdrum software work needed to fix the Y2k millennium bug at the end of the 20th century. It then received a boost from the dotcom bust, which in many firms in America and elsewhere caused IT budgets to be slashed, prompting outsourcing to India for a lower price† (â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p. 1). The India of today has taken on new challenges and more sophisticated services such as engineering, research and development, and designing auto parts, and chips for wireless service (â€Å"Offshoring,† 2006, p. 1). â€Å"Now Indian firms can perform almost every service offered by the global giants of IT outsourcing and India’s core business remains â€Å"ADM† which is the application, development and maintenance of software, which accounts for about 55% of exports of IT services†(â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p.1). Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, and Wipro are the three largest Indian IT service firms in India, â€Å"Each are recruiting and hiring more than 1,000 people per month† (â€Å"Next Wave,† 2006, p. 1). J.P. Morgan Chase, a large investment bank in the U.S., plans to double its staff to 9,000 in the near future. These new employees responsibility will be to settle complex structured finance and derivative deals (â€Å"Next Wave,† 2006 p. 1). These new investments all show that India has moved into a third stage of the great Indian services-export boom. In the first stage, â€Å"firms such as Tata developed world-class expertise in software application development, and maintenance. The Business of Offshore Outsourcing in India :: Globalization essays, research papers Offshore outsourcing of IT and business process outsourcing (BPO) is known to be the practice of hiring an external organization to perform some or all business functions in a country other than the one where the product or service will be sold or consumed. â€Å"In 2005 IT and BPO were estimated to have generated revenues of $36 billion contributing nearly 5% of the GDP† (â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p. 1). It is very clear that BPO has transformed into a very large and profitable business, with â€Å"India leading the way by providing $7.5 billion in BPO revenue this year. India’s outsourcing capabilities have grown steadily throughout the last decade† (â€Å"Turning India,† 2006, p. 1). â€Å"In the 1980’s outsourcers in India did low skill jobs such as data entry and some software development. In the 1990’s they expanded by doing larger software projects, taking over entire IT systems and back office functions such as accounting for U.S. and European corporations † (â€Å"Offshoring,† 2006, p.1). â€Å"Indian IT grew on the relatively humdrum software work needed to fix the Y2k millennium bug at the end of the 20th century. It then received a boost from the dotcom bust, which in many firms in America and elsewhere caused IT budgets to be slashed, prompting outsourcing to India for a lower price† (â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p. 1). The India of today has taken on new challenges and more sophisticated services such as engineering, research and development, and designing auto parts, and chips for wireless service (â€Å"Offshoring,† 2006, p. 1). â€Å"Now Indian firms can perform almost every service offered by the global giants of IT outsourcing and India’s core business remains â€Å"ADM† which is the application, development and maintenance of software, which accounts for about 55% of exports of IT services†(â€Å"Virtual,† 2006, p.1). Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, and Wipro are the three largest Indian IT service firms in India, â€Å"Each are recruiting and hiring more than 1,000 people per month† (â€Å"Next Wave,† 2006, p. 1). J.P. Morgan Chase, a large investment bank in the U.S., plans to double its staff to 9,000 in the near future. These new employees responsibility will be to settle complex structured finance and derivative deals (â€Å"Next Wave,† 2006 p. 1). These new investments all show that India has moved into a third stage of the great Indian services-export boom. In the first stage, â€Å"firms such as Tata developed world-class expertise in software application development, and maintenance.

Computer Science

What are the advantages of using internet? The advantages of using internet are they made our research easier like having some research on your investigatory project. It can also teach us some techniques Like solving the algebraic equations. We can also have faster communication with our love ones with the use of social networking sites Just like, backbone. Skips, twitter, etc. We can also download here some videos, songs and pictures that we want to download, some sort of entertainment. We can also buy here the things we want to have. 2. List some disadvantages of using Internet.Sometimes when downloading some files, you must be careful on It because It sends virus to the computer that may affect the other files In the computer or worst It damages the process of the computer because some sites are having virus. In internet, you can also see some inappropriate contents like porno. We could also plagiarism or steals someone's work, plagiarism. Some users are s sending some unwanted e- mails that could obstruct the computer, spamming. 3. How will you secure yourself from cyber bullying? We can avoid cyber bullying by not replying on someone's if he/she chat on you.We must also choose an appropriate email-address or surname in order that no one could identify your gender, your age and your occupation. Do not make your profile available in the public. Your profile must be known by the people you trust in order that you can avoid some spamming. 4. In your own way, how can you help improve the use of internet? I could help improve the use of internet by deleting/ locking some inappropriate contents. Also by warning to those who spam messages. Lastly, by making the research much easier by Just typing keywords on your research.

growth into a republic essays

growth into a republic essays How and under what social and economic conditions did the colonists of the new world evolve into a uniquely American Nation by the eve of the American Revolution? I feel that it is the very conflicts that plagued and on multiple occasions threatened to kill the Colonists dreams of a new free nation that enabled them to develop this uniquely American Nation and in effect win their freedom. The great trials that this new society faced molded the colonists into a group of people that above all other desires had a passion for freedom. From its earliest beginnings exploration of the Americas proved to be a dangerous and daunting task. The complete and utter failure of the settlement on Roanoke Island showed that trying to settle in the Americas would certainly be no walk in the park. It took a group of people who were completely consumed with their conquest of freedom to produce the first permanent colony in the Americas, Jamestown. The Pilgrims who settled Jamestown were essentially a desperate crowd who felt that they had no choice but to pursue a new life on a new continent. The political and religious climate in England prior to 1600 left this group of reformists in the cold so to speak in relation to their religious freedom at home. Despite Henry the Eighths defiance of the Roman Catholic Church in the early 1500s the tide in England again began to shift back toward its roots in Catholicism nearing the end of the century. Along with Queen Marys accession to power came the reuniting of formal ties between the government and Catholicism which left the Pilgrims with no other choice in their minds but to find a new home. The first settlement at Jamestown was plagued with all sorts of trouble, among these poor housing and inadequate food. To make matters worse, the settlement was located in a marshy area where salt water mixed with the coloni...

Piagets Cognitive Development Theory Wafa Nurdin

Piagets Cognitive Development Theory Wafa Nurdin Do children perceive, think, and understand the world the way adults do? Jean Piaget asked himself the same question while working at Alfred Binet's laboratory. He noticed that children of the same age tended to give the same wrong answers suggesting that they shared a common way of thinking. He interviewed and observed numerous children over several years and concluded that the child's mind is not a miniature version of the adult's. Through his research, Piaget developed his cognitive development theory. He proposed that all human beings proceed through a series of orderly and predictable stages of cognitive development at about the same age. Moreover, a prior stage must be completed to progress to the next phase and that children proceed from concrete to more abstract thoughts as they grow older. They start from the sensorimotor stage from birth to age 2, then onward to the preoperational stage from 2-7, the concrete operational stage from 7-11, and finally the formal operational s tage from adolescence and adulthood until death.Werner Erhard and Associates v. Christopher Cox fo...This theory is the most accurate hypothesis in explaining how human beings develop into complete selves because it is what the western education system is based upon. Seeing that intellectuality is valued so much, this theory is used as a guide and a base in which children grow academically throughout life.The western world has thoroughly embraced Piaget's theory and hypothesis, so much so, that the whole educational system is based upon the stages he outlined for the mind capacity. Having one of the most practical theories, Piaget actually states the potential that a child should have at a certain age. As a child first enters the classroom, his/her senses are bombarded with the numerous stimuli that are around them. From then on, they are expected to grow and to comprehend the...

The Huaorani of Ecuador

The Huaorani of Ecuador Introduction The Huaorani or Waorani is a group of indigenous Amerindians living in the Amazon rainforest and specifically in Ecuador. This community has very unique characteristics from other South American tribes. Besides speaking a totally different language, these people have isolated themselves from other communities by living in the Amazon forest.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Huaorani of Ecuador specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The number of Huaoranis who speak the language fluently does not exceed 4,000 (Ziegler-Otero, 2007, p.33).They are not even familiar with the normal culture of Ecuador due to this seclusion. Their ancestral land is between Napo and Curaray rivers, a land that has been associated by logging and oil trapping (Lu, 2010). When some forest areas are cleared, the community will still look for other areas to embrace their lifestyle. The Huaorani community has strongly protected its culture from settlers and other indigenous tribes. This community comprises of four groups namely the Onamenane, the Tagaeri, the Huinatare and the Taromenane. Initially, Huaorani people were hunters and gathers who resided in the Amazon forest hunting wild animals as a form of subsistence. The practice however, changed gradually due to technological influence and interaction. Currently, these people live in the Amazon forest as their permanent settlement. They are sort of semi-nomadic horticulturalist community though they could be almost mistaken for foragers since they hunt animals and gather fruits and berries. However, they plant food crops wherever they go and do not employ modern agricultural techniques as they live far from the land. With the recent intrusions, the impact of the primary mode of subsistence on Huaorani way of life may be so strong that the community finds it difficult to adjust culturally according to the changes being encountered. Therefore, this paper i s focused on investigating the impact of semi-nomadic horticultural practices on key aspects of culture including kinship, social organization, gender relation and beliefs as well as values. Kinship One of the things Huaorani people consider most important is family life. A family will comprise of several groups of kin and ultimately grows when other people join the family. Anyone wishing to join a group is allowed but must build their own houses as they cannot live with the original land owners in the same house. These new comers either could be refugees from other villages or just members from other Huaorani communities joined by marriage.Advertising Looking for research paper on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A Huaorani kinship consists of a father, mother, children, spouses and grandchildren (Rival, 2002). In such an organization, there is a wide variety of help for the day to day chores that is de fined according to the ability and position of the family member. The sharing of daily chores has resulted in families having many children. The more children they have in a family, the more help they get for daily responsibilities. However, Huaorani is an individualistic community and each member of a group has some sense of autonomy. Every family member has a role to play in helping the family and laziness is not encouraged in fulfilling family chores. Even the children know what they should do or where they should help. Semi-nomadic horticultural practices have influenced the view of Huaorani kinship in a very different way. Relationships are always envisaged from ego’s viewpoint by reversing of nonreciprocal kin terms. As Rival (2002) observed, when a mature Huaorani is asked â€Å"Is A your child† the answer will be â€Å"I am the mother of A†, and not â€Å"A is my child†. In addition, this kinship system encourages diverse interpretations such that cross-cousin marriages are usually practiced (this practice is also observed in other nomadic Latin communities). Even the people value such marriages more than those from distance villages that have no relation to the former. The people do not consider any kin relation between members of different groups. However, they consider kinship relation with those living in the same village despite lack of blood connection. Rival (2002) affirms that cognates and consanguine are defined in terms of spatial proximity rather than genealogical proximity (p.115). Indeed, someone as close as a real sister is omitted if living in other village and has not been in contact for a long period of time. Usually, links between nonresident kin are reestablished to contract marriage alliance (Riva, 2002, p.116).Therefore, it can be concluded that the potential kin are simultaneously the potential marriage affine. Social organization Nanicabo or extended family unit is the fundamental unit in the Huaorani social organization of production and is impacted greatly by semi-nomadic horticultural practice (Ziegler-Otero, 2007, p.38). Food, which is acquired by any member of the family, must be distributed to all members of the Nanicabo before any is availed to members of other families.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Huaorani of Ecuador specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hunting groups basically start in a single family, though others often join the party as it departs, predominantly in the more geographic dense villages particularly around schools. Within the Nanicabo duties are jointly performed and all goods including food are shared. Labor is divided according to gender where men are responsible for hunting and women take responsibility of gathering, gardening, cooking and child care. Regarding to decision making and social organization, the culture of Huaorani can be considered as highly individualistic a nd independent. Earlier before the missionaries came the community lived in small autonomous kin groups which made collective contribution to their economic activities. Within these kin groups there were no formal councils and headmen. Their hunting and gathering was a collective responsibility that demanded little directives or authorization. Even within Nanicabo and households, there was no overall power of persuasion beyond the individual. There were limited opportunities between the various groups to engage in shared decision making as well as conflict resolution due to hostility or warfare (Lu, 2010). Up to date, the individualistic pattern lingers among the sedentary communities which lack elaborate processes of making decisions. The social organization of the community is leaderless and decentralized, having few social obligations and limits on individual autonomy. Devoid of institutions to confer authority or impose social control, there are no ways of containing conflicts o r solving disputes. In case of a conflict or someone feels offended the only options are for the parties to separate or let the grudge go. Moreover, this lack of institutions to impose social control reflects lack of political structure to discourage individuals to exploit short-term advantages whenever a source opportunity arises. Therefore, decision making occurs at the Nanicabo or individual level, with little or no coordination at bigger scales and few contrivances to settle conflicts. The reason could be that the people had been made self-reliant by the practices of hunting and gathering which required individual contribution to solve the problems associated. Within the community, the only social organization existing in a larger scale is the consequence of school influence, and is tolerable though not treated seriously by the people. Such influence could be considered as a key driver for social change but has evidently indicated little effect on the community’s social o rganization. Semi-nomadic horticultural practice has made the Huaorani people to have abundant resources. They are isolated and free to do anything they want. Most important is that the land is free and thus no land ownership. The people can gather or hunt anywhere and can build dwellings wherever they want. Nevertheless, social boundaries exist between various Huaorani groups. Initially, the community kinship groups lived together in small populations where they did everything together.Advertising Looking for research paper on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This created a very strong culture of sharing among the kinship groups. But, with the growing population a small number of people share the day to day responsibilities throughout the community. There is still that spirit of sharing among those living in proximity. Among the various groups within the Huaorani community, there is little sharing and the groups tend to live separate ways. With such scarce sharing the groups have tended to avoid offending one another deliberately. Thus, the few hostilities witnessed have not been as fierce as expected for the groups (Lu, 2010, p.14). It can be argued that the avoidance of such hostility is triggered by the perception of threatening their livelihoods which is dependent on the harmony the people live in their isolated life. Nonetheless, there exist social boundaries between different groups and are certainly suspicious of attack. As a result, the groups tend to live far from each other. There is no doubt that each group attempts to protect their own territories by acquiring new lands deep in the forest rather than through force. For instance, the naming of streams after different people is an indication of social boundary (Lu, 2001). If a person discovered a new resource such as a waterway when walking deep through the forest, this finding will be taken to the group. The word would spread and the resource will eventually be named after the discoverer, and should be claimed by the village that he hails from. The village will let outsiders know about the finding and cannot partake of the resource. Reflecting on another side of the Huaorani community, it is true that they completely change during ceremonies. There is no sign of hostility and the people become warm and inviting. The drinking parties create friendship even beyond the social boundaries. In case one of the groups is in conflict with another, the festival is considered as the time to restore harmony. Therefore, the hostility will cease between the groups and both can merry together. Union between couple also occurs during these festivals. The community considers marriage to be sacred and the couple is expected to observe upright morals throughout. In that manner, the social organization of the community relate to the aspects that are centered on the semi-nomadic way of life. Gender relations The semi-nomadic horticultural practices by the Huaorani community resulted in the definition of major tasks for women and men. As a result, there is no assessment of greater worth or value on individual sex. The community has no strict sex roles but generally speaking Huaorani men provide their families with meat, cut down big trees for new farming lands and engage in warfare. Mostly, men hunt with spears and sometimes with blowguns which are made collectively by men and women. Men usually make the blow gun while women make the darts. Women perform most of the agricultural activities such as planting, weeding and harvesting as well as preparing me als and taking care of the young ones. Although this happens rarely women may also engage in hunting and men may perform other agricultural task than just cutting trees. Indeed, they do different things so as to equal out the roles. Huaorani lives matrilogically, meaning that the couple lives with their parents (Lu, 2001). Nonetheless, both women and men attend ceremonies especially the famous dancing marriage ceremonies. Most of these ceremonies are impacted by the knowledge of the people about the nature. For example, the ceremony of human birds is associated with the knowledge about birds’ way of life and migration when the food is gone. In fact, the life of birds is symbolic to such festivals which sometimes also lead to marriage. Men and women decorate with body paints, jewelry, feathers and other ornaments (Lu, 2001). While the men become aggressive during the ceremonies, women are expected to hang out with each other. In some ceremonies, both women and men may dance to gether or sing the same songs yet they must avoid each other. Sometimes, couples, brothers, sisters and cousins do not talk or look each other. This means that the social roles and presentation must reflect the gender variation defined in semi-nomadic horticultural practices. Beliefs and values The semi-nomadic, horticultural mode of subsistence of the Huaorani community has led to a belief system that affirms the whole world to have once been a forest. Thus, the people consider the forests as their real dwelling place while the rest of the world is very unsafe to them. Therefore, this society lives in isolation within the forest setting. According to their beliefs, living in the forest offers protection from attacks from other communities such as witchcraft. Like most of the hunters and gatherers, the rivers and forests form an integral aspect in the lives of the Huaorani people. According to cultural anthropologists like Lu (2001) who have studied the community asserts that plants and animals consistent with the belief system of the society have both spiritual and physical existence. Raymond (2006) note that the Huaorani people have a respect for animals despite them being hunters because they believe that people return to earth in form of animals after death and in particular as termites. The people hunt wild animals for food security but still carry the belief that the spirits of the killed animals can harm the people and must be placated. During their hunting scenes, they regard snake and jaguars in a special way. The reason is that they consider snakes to have the optimal evil power while the jaguar has the most magnificent plunderer. Through extensive gathering, the Huaorani people possess astounding knowledge regarding the medicinal and botanical value of plant with the forest. Thus, they take plants to be part of their lives and indicate their characteristics. As noted before the practice of staying completely isolated in the forest has made Huaorani people to believe that the forest is the sole protector from predators and animals. Accompanied by strong influence of nature, the people consider some animals and plants to be sacred. There are certain plants and animals that are not hunted due to their sacred positions in the minds of the people (Raymond, 2006). For instance, the warbler which is a small bird known to migrate to the Amazon forest is considered as to bring blessing to the people. The jaguar and eagle are also considered sacred animals because it is believed that people came about after the two animals mated. Indeed, the hunting and gathering form of subsisted has oriented much of the community beliefs to plants and animals. Conclusion The impact of semi-nomadic horticultural practice on the culture of Huaorani is evidently very strong and may require an immeasurable effort by the people in order to accommodate the changes expected. Their kinship point of view is dictated by their nomadic life such that their practi ces on some aspects such as marriage would seem absurd in other cultural settings. Their social organization is centered on the forest life of hunting and gathering to the point of deriving a social interaction that is only fit for the isolated life of the forest. The gender relation of the Huaorani is defined by the roles and responsibilities of both women and men as pertaining to semi-nomadic horticultural life. The beliefs and values of the people have entirely been characterized by animals and plants that have been learnt through the forest life. While any intrusion may compel the people to change their culture, it will evidently be difficult for the Huaorani people. References Lu, F. (2010). Patterns of indigenous resilience in the Amazon: a case study of Huaorani hunting in Ecuador. Journal of Ecological Anthropology, Vol.14 (1), p.5-21. Lu, F. E. (2001).The common property regime of the Huaorani Indians of Ecuador: Implications and challenges to conservation. Human Ecology, V ol. 29 (4), p. 425-447. Raymond, B. H. (2006). Subsistence modes of the Huaorani. American Indian Culture Research Journal, Vol.112 (8), p. 86-92. Rival, L. M. (2002). Trekking through history: the Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Ziegler-Otero, L. (2007). Resistance in an Amazonian community: Huaorani organizing against the global economy. Oxford, UK: Berghahn Books.

All Men Are Created Equal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

All Men Are Created Equal - Essay Example The gamut of characters she delves in: from the LAPD Police Chief Daryl Gates to a gang member, from Korean store owners to a white juror, from a Panamanian immigrant mother to a teenaged black gang member, from beaten truck driver Reginald Denny to Congresswoman Maxine Waters along with other black, white, Asian and Latino characters: aptly portrays the myriads and pressures of a fractious age. It is interesting to note how Anna Deavere Smith resonates the theme of equality in her text with the issues of race, racial prejudice, anger, and hatred. Through characters such as Rudy Salas, Sr., the Mexican artist, she elucidates the consuming hatred of the "Other"1 in the Saidian sense of the term. In Sally's hatred against the "gringos," especially the white police officers, he is not only shown like the other inner-city blacks and Latinos who resent the treatment afforded to them by the LAPD but is made a prototype of a race which has borne the brunt of neo-colonization.   'I felt like "oh, my goodness" because it was really like he was in danger there. It was such an oppressive atmosphere (66).' That Anna Deavere Smith is more of a sociologist than a satirist is elucidated in her treatment of the issue of ethnicity in the personage of Paul Parker, the Chairman of the LA Four Plus Defense Committee. Parker's statement: ' they basically feel that if it's black-on-black crime, if it's a nigger killin' a nigger, they don't have any problem with that. But let it be a white victim, they gonna go to any extremes necessary to basically convict some black people (171).'  She points out the fallacies of a system where the abuser-abused relationship is based upon the norms of inequality. In its depiction of the anguished soul of a city and a nation in crisis, the text offers an etymological explanation of the problems of racism as it presents the discourse of race struggle in the perspectives of ethnocentricism and xenophobia.  

In-Flight Security For Airline Passengers Essay

In-Flight Security For Airline Passengers - Essay Example are to be dealt more cautiously. And now more security provisions are added for airline passengers while in air. The project examines and studies all the security measures adhered to by various airlines including FAMs, Flight Deck Officer, Discrete Codes, Crew Members and Reinforced Cockpit Doors. Their training methods, duties, laws and changed laws after September 11 incident has been mentioned in it. It is highly useful for the general public to be assured regarding the present security provided by the airlines. Even the ethical situation and dilemma has been talked about giving due consideration to the delicate issues. No doubt all the training, requirements and implementation of changed laws needs huge budget. But the Under Secretary and Federal Government are obliged to hold all the cost responsibility of training, supervision, equipment etc. hence leaving no expense to the pilots. Training becomes very ideal when it comes to the security of the public especially when carrying loaded guns to fire when in need. The project clearly shows the comparison between the changed laws before and after the fatal incident of September 11. Budgets have been reformed and the government takes the responsibility. Although TSA initially opposed the Flight Deck Officer program to arm and train cockpit personnel. The conclusion states that the top priority of any organization should be the security of the passengers in airlines. Audience Scenario My project is directly approached to the general public boarding airlines on daily basis. It is to shed all their doubts regarding their security and safety in planes while in air. It will be surely of great help to them to get acquainted to various security methods deployed by airlines for their betterment. After reading the report they'll be more confident and easy while boarding the flights especially after what happened on September

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Essay Example There were also looming strikes from small business owners and farmers (Polenberg 113). He possessed exceptional political tactics as this is proven the the fact he was reelected in office for a record four times (PBS). His victories in politics were based on his abilities to relate to the needs of people as well as global requirements. As he campaigned, he knew the deficiency’s citizens were experiencing and he created speeches and promises aimed at addressing these needs. Additionally, he adapted a campaign song that became popular political rhythm in the United States. Happy Days Are Here Again was a signature FDR political song (PBS). FDR had an objective of ensuring that the economy of the United States is revived. For this to be possible,he realized the need to change the way in which created laws (Brinkley 42). For instance, he created laws that increased the employment of women in government positions and offices as well as the military (Polenberg 95). In addition, the new employment laws led to the decrease of unemployment rates to 2%. FDR also created laws that governed the conduct of Wall Street, banks and the transport system (Brinkley 36). This greatly changed the United States economy as people became more productive. Other major creations by the congress under his leadership were the Social Security and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In addition, he encouragedthe growth of liberty (Polenberg 116). His approach to foreign affairs was also exceptional. At the time he was elected, the globe was at brink of warfare that threatened global peace. In Europe, Nazis Germans dominated as they denied the prevalence of democracy (Brinkley 84). China was also faced with invasion threats from Japanese. The United States shared great relationships with China as well as the United Kingdoms. FDR collaborated with Scotland, Wales and Great Britain to end the dominance of Nazis in Europe. FDR also

Case Study - Mountain Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study - Mountain Bank - Essay Example Universalistic approach Universalistic approach focuses on identifying a set of practices that are beneficial to all organizations. It has a number of practices known as the commitment strategy that are beneficial to organizations. Practices in the commitment strategy give an impression that management cares about its employees. The strategy also ensures that employees have the training and freedom to pursue important job tasks. Mountain Bank should ensure that the tellers are treated well and know that they are valued as they are the main contact persons with the customers. A good and committed work force has been proved to increase efficiency in an organization and therefore increasing the overall productivity of the organization. Employees should be well trained on their tasks as they are the main drivers of customer satisfaction in the organization. Long term commitment will also assist in facilitating the strategy of leveraging the strong retailing clientele to taking up their s ervices in the real estate and corporate areas. Human Resource Strategies There are four human resource strategies that an organization can take up and these include the internal/cost approach, external/cost approach, internal/differentiation approach and external/differentiation approach. ... This strategy emphasizes hiring and retaining loyal employees who do task as per instructions given. Organizations with this strategy design work so that employees have broad roles and perform a variety of different tasks. Persons recruited and hired fit the organization culture and have a potential to become loyal employees. Efforts are made to satisfy the needs of employees and build a strong bond that reduces the likelihood of employee turnover. Organizations with this human resource strategy hire people early in their careers and provide them with extensive training in a number of different skills. Careers include different positions and promotions are made into positions that are not closely related to previous experiences. Performance appraisals are designed to facilitate cooperation rather than competition, thus encouraging team work. Compensation includes long-term incentives and benefits. Unions which help build feelings of unity are common in organizations with this kind of strategy. The external orientation combined with a cost leadership strategy results in a Bargain Laborer HR strategy. The emphasis of this strategy is on obtaining employees who do not demand high wages. Organizations with this strategy design work so that managers can tightly control employee efforts. Each employee is given clearly defined tasks that can be learned easily. People are recruited and hired to perform simple tasks that do not require clearly developed skills. Minimal attention is given in meeting the long-term needs of employees. Organizations with this human resource strategy don’t provide careers with clear paths for promotion and advancement. Performance appraisal focuses on a day-to-day feedback and rarely incorporates formal measures. Training is

What are the limits of international cooperation Essay

What are the limits of international cooperation - Essay Example Naturally, this is a naive approach to world relations and one that cannot be reasonably expected to exist at any level as the parties that are integrating with one another are ultimately self interested and seek to maximize their own good at each and every juncture (Chandy & Kharas, 2011). Ultimately, as this analysis will argue, there are distinct limits of expectation that should be established with respect to the way in which international cooperation will be exhibited. As a means of providing relevant situational examples for this, several of the key exhibitions of the limitations and constraints to international cooperation will be elaborated upon and referenced within this brief analysis. In this way, it is the hope of this author that after integrating with a further understanding of what constitutes the bounds of international cooperation, the reader might come to a more informed understanding of how international cooperation is exhibited within the current model and how one might expect it to be exhibited within the near future in any number f different inter-state interactions that may take place. Looking back into the not so distant past, it is the understanding of this author that two distinct indicators of international cooperation can be found to exist. These are the needs and expectations/demand for sovereignty as well as the continual and a surge of need for the propagation of self interest. With regards to the latter, this is one of the terms and understandings that most closely define international relations on any particular level. Likewise, with regards to the former, this is perhaps the most fundamental aspect of state behavior as it lies at the core of almost each and every action that is state engages in (Zaum, 2010). Nonetheless, even though these two concepts are heavily leveraged with respect to international relations, they are none the less salient to a more complete understanding of international cooperation. For instance, if one t akes the case of the Marshall plan, instituted by the United States at the close of World War II as a means of rebuilding a war-ravaged Europe, the self interests of this particular program was with regards to developing a resilient and robust series of economies within Western Europe that could stand up to the growing threat that the Soviet Union posed in the East (Hogan, 1989). Likewise, the cooperation that was noted between these nations and the United States was with respect to the fact that this program did not infringe upon self-interest or sovereignty to a large enough degree for the recipient nations to refuse such aid (Tinsley, 2007). In such a way, both determinants of the rubric lain out above have been met and thus international cooperation is something that can be expected to have taken place in this particular situation. Likewise, as history has proven, this is indeed the result and can be attested to in a variety of other somewhat similar situations. Similar situatio ns to the one described above are not only relegated to history, rather the determinant of sovereignty and self interest of both parties continues to define the exhibition of international

Case Study - Mountain Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study - Mountain Bank - Essay Example Universalistic approach Universalistic approach focuses on identifying a set of practices that are beneficial to all organizations. It has a number of practices known as the commitment strategy that are beneficial to organizations. Practices in the commitment strategy give an impression that management cares about its employees. The strategy also ensures that employees have the training and freedom to pursue important job tasks. Mountain Bank should ensure that the tellers are treated well and know that they are valued as they are the main contact persons with the customers. A good and committed work force has been proved to increase efficiency in an organization and therefore increasing the overall productivity of the organization. Employees should be well trained on their tasks as they are the main drivers of customer satisfaction in the organization. Long term commitment will also assist in facilitating the strategy of leveraging the strong retailing clientele to taking up their s ervices in the real estate and corporate areas. Human Resource Strategies There are four human resource strategies that an organization can take up and these include the internal/cost approach, external/cost approach, internal/differentiation approach and external/differentiation approach. ... This strategy emphasizes hiring and retaining loyal employees who do task as per instructions given. Organizations with this strategy design work so that employees have broad roles and perform a variety of different tasks. Persons recruited and hired fit the organization culture and have a potential to become loyal employees. Efforts are made to satisfy the needs of employees and build a strong bond that reduces the likelihood of employee turnover. Organizations with this human resource strategy hire people early in their careers and provide them with extensive training in a number of different skills. Careers include different positions and promotions are made into positions that are not closely related to previous experiences. Performance appraisals are designed to facilitate cooperation rather than competition, thus encouraging team work. Compensation includes long-term incentives and benefits. Unions which help build feelings of unity are common in organizations with this kind of strategy. The external orientation combined with a cost leadership strategy results in a Bargain Laborer HR strategy. The emphasis of this strategy is on obtaining employees who do not demand high wages. Organizations with this strategy design work so that managers can tightly control employee efforts. Each employee is given clearly defined tasks that can be learned easily. People are recruited and hired to perform simple tasks that do not require clearly developed skills. Minimal attention is given in meeting the long-term needs of employees. Organizations with this human resource strategy don’t provide careers with clear paths for promotion and advancement. Performance appraisal focuses on a day-to-day feedback and rarely incorporates formal measures. Training is

Modern World History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Modern World History - Essay Example Death-feud and antagonism between the states is one of the most dangerous evils which pressures mankind through all historical periods of time. In contrast to this confrontations, the primary goal of nation-states' policies is to ensure their survival. That is, states seek to preserve their independence or sovereignty in a hostile environment. During the XX centuries, two world wars showed that the world's fate hinged on the outcome of this massive effort to meet the Axis threat of world conquest and restore the balance of power. In this hostile environment, the United Nations became a strong force which balanced confrontations and peace. The significance of the UN can be explained by the fact that previous attempts to achieve the world order had failed, but the end of the WWII demanded a strong international organization to ensure global peace. In 1945, despite the emergent differences between the United States and the Soviet Union, World War II, like all previous great-power wars, paved the way for a new world order. The League of Nation had failed to meet new social and political landscape between the Second World War. In 1943, the Four Power Declaration advanced principles for allied collaboration in the period following the end of military confrontations (Hyde, 1960). The product of the Allies' determination to create a new international organization to manage the postwar international order was conceived in this and other wartime agreements. Consistent with the expectation that the great powers would cooperate to manage world affairs, China was promised a seat on the United Nations Security Council along with F rance and the Big Three. The purpose was to guarantee that all of the dominant states would share responsibility for keeping the peace (Mcwhinney, 1984). In 1945, the UN represented a supranational level - a political body that exerted influence upon several national governments. On the other hand, the UN was used as 'a silent tool' of competition between the USA and USSR. Both countries used the United Nations not to keep the peace, but to pursue their competition with one another. As the most recent great-power war of the twentieth century, it still casts its shadow over the post-Cold War geostrategic landscape. Perhaps the most certain feature of this otherwise uncertain environment was the ascendancy of the United States and the Soviet Union as its dominant powers (Debrix, 1999). Today, the UN has lost its strategic significance in contrast to 1945, and for this very reason many political leaders and scientist suppose that: "'the role of the United Nations as a whole in economic and social affairs, including its relationship to the Bretton Woods institutions needs to be re-thought and reinvigorated" (Murithi, 2003, p.3). The end of the Cold War and the War on Terror demonstrated that the USA can survive indefinitely. Russia has made the transition over the last ten years to an independent democratic nation state. The emergence of new economic centers the Triad and European Union, NAFTA and ASEAN reduce the role and impact of the UN on the global peace and foreign relations. At the beginning of the 21st century, the global regulatory environment consists of a variety of governmental and nongovernmental agencies that enforce laws or set guidelines for conducting business and political affairs (Graham, 2003, p. 5). A change process lies at the

Effects of the use of web-based tools in Blended Learning Essay Example for Free

Effects of the use of web-based tools in Blended Learning Essay Technology has made a deep impact on all aspects of human lives ranging from communication to learning and enhancing individual performance. The conventional classroom is slowly being replaced by computer based training and online learning environments that has penetrated remote corners of the globe via the Internet. The use of information and communication technologies in education has transformed traditional methods of learning and teaching practices. The personalized learning environment offered by the online medium has great potentials and can influence the learning process to a considerable extent. Technology has been a great enabler of transforming and re-defining the way a system operates and the wide variety of applications that it can support. Many web based learning environments use innovative technologies that have revolutionized the learning process over the past few years. Distance learning through the use of collaborative tools and technologies available has made significant breakthroughs in the field of learning. In the past few decades a number of tools and technologies have emerged that has enabled the users to adopt distance learning courses and training departments are using it to provide cost effective means of implementing learning and development programs for their employees spread across the globe. The online learning environment is supported by various types of tools that provide high level of interactivity and collaborative features enabling participants to exchange messages, files, videos and presentations. This kind of technology is increasingly being used in a wide range of applications ranging from facilitating electronic discussion between students to enabling distance learning programs through web conferencing. The revolution in communication and information technology has had a profound effect on the teaching and learning process. The change is visible in developing learning communities online. Most of the countries and even developing economies are stressing on the use of computers as an instructional medium. E learning encompasses a wide variety of tools and technologies that can be used to stimulate the learning process in an individual. With the help of this technology a variety of online learning services are made available ranging from online searches, tutorials, college courses, and professional courses to professional training and individual development programs. The E learning model adopts high level of audio and video interaction integrated with graphics and animation tool to present the learning module in an attractive format. Educational institutions and business organizations are increasingly adopting the e learning model for learning and training purposes. E learning is being increasingly used as a solution for delivering online learning regardless of physical locations or time constraints. The whole world has become an increasingly connected global community that can share ideas and exchange information through the Internet. More people across the globe are turning towards the latest technology gadgets that have made communication channels smoother and faster. It has proved to be a big resource for individuals who would like to learn a new skill or train themselves in new fields while pursuing their current employment. Hence, E learning field has provided new and better learning opportunities extending its reach beyond university campus and corporate learning centres. Blended learning – an overview Blended learning has been described as a â€Å"phrase introduced by the distance learning community in recognizing the value of synchronous learning activities, like face to face interactions with instructors and collaborative work with peers, as complements to activities performed asynchronously by individual learners† (Howard et al. , 2006). The blended learning system includes both web based learning and traditional classroom learning environment. The web based learning system provides the students with self paced learning modules that they can pursue at leisure and convenience depending on their learning capacity. This learning environment also provides E learning tools that enable live discussions and online learning programs. The conventional classroom settings are used to clarify doubts and queries regarding the course content and student progress. An effective learning environment facilitates interaction between the learners that increases the scope to exchange ideas and opinions, share experiences and assess their level of understanding on the subject matter. A classroom environment provides this kind of face to face interaction enabling the students sharing the same learning goals to coordinate with each other, communicate their ideas and information. Jonassen (1988) has stated in his works that the effectiveness of any learning environment is based on the types and levels of cognitive and metacognitive activity engendered in the learners. It is widely accepted that learning is enhanced in instructional settings where students are engaged in processing personally relevant content and are reflective during the learning process. Learners that participate in active learning activities find learning a more pleasurable and increasingly effective than engaging in monotonous lecture sessions. Online learning provides the learners with the scope to explore the topics and study related theories that increase their level of understanding. The key ingredient to a successful computer based learning application is its ability to interact with the student and direct the flow of learning in accordance with the student capability. The visibility and presentation of information through attention grabbing graphics and multimedia tool make this a more effective learning platform. Once the attention of the student is on the learning tool the application needs to stimulate the learner’s curiosity that in turn leads to search for answers and in-depth study of the learning module. The most effective teaching method involves a high level of interaction between the teacher and the student. A dedicated teacher is one who understands the student’s learning capacity and his shortcomings and guides him through with effective feedback. A two-way communication between the teacher and the student is very effective in the learning process. Computer based learning applications are continually striving to achieve the human to human interactivity level and have been quite successful in this venture with the aid of multimedia based technologies. Blended learning combines the positive aspects of both conventional classroom learning and online learning to provide an enriching learning experience to the students. Web-based tools There are wide varieties of computer-mediated communications technologies that enable manage and support E learning. These tools have facilitated extensive collaboration and communication protocols providing an enriched learning environment. Some of these tools are email, chat, video conferencing, web conferencing, newsgroup, blogs, forums, virtual classrooms, and message boards. Synchronous and Asynchronous tools â€Å"E learning is commonly referred to the international use of networked information and communications technology in teaching and learning. It refers to educational processes that utilize information and communications technology to mediate asynchronous as well as synchronous learning and teaching activities† (Naidu, 2006). Both synchronous and asynchronous tools can be used effectively to communicate, exchange and form ideas and information on a specific subject matter. Synchronous E learning is live, real time facilitated instruction, and learning oriented interaction that enables learners to use electronic means to collaborate and participate in live forums. The root of synchronous E learning has been derived from three main influences: the classroom, the media, and the conference. The virtual classroom uses highly interactive forms of synchronous E learning tools to simulate a conventional classroom environment. White-board, discussion rooms, and break out areas are some of the concepts used to enhance interactivity between learners in a virtual classroom. Naidu (2006) also observes that most of the applications are built around the synchronous learning model that makes use of tools like virtual learning environment, rapid E learning, web casting, web conferencing, video conferencing, webinars, live E learning, and e conferencing. These synchronous E learning tools help in connecting dispersed learners, facilitating real time interaction and collaboration, fostering a sense of immediacy and co-presence, developing a learning community, and enabling access to subject matter expert resources. This kind of learning environment rules out gender and personality dominance that tends to overpower in a traditional classroom setting. It encourages learners towards better teamwork, collaboration skills, strong motivation and extended peer support (Naidu, 2006). Asynchronous tools like emails, electronic forums, online discussions, blogs, provide a platform for students and teachers to discuss ideas and opinions on a specific topic. This form of E learning is â€Å"commonly facilitated by media such as email and discussion boards, supports work relations among learners with teachers, even when participants cannot be online at the same time† (Hrastinski, 2008). This provides a form of flexibility to the learners since they can access learning materials and information any time according to their convenience. The learners can log on to an E learning environment and access training materials, receive and send messages to peers and tutors. In higher education, learners can pursue online courses while taking care of other commitments. Asynchronous E learning tools have the advantage of enabling users to access information and pursue their subject matter with greater degree of concentration allowing the mind to process the information at leisure. However, it also has some significant drawbacks that include greater learner discipline since the learner has to take initiatives to login and make use of the information and tasks involved in learning process. This kind of learning process is more impersonal and isolated as compared to synchronous learning tools that enable live interaction (Ashley, 2003).

Cloning the Putative Cancer Suppressor Gene GALNT9

Cloning the Putative Cancer Suppressor Gene GALNT9 Introduction The aim of this project is to clone the putative cancer suppressor gene GALNT9, it is a follow on from research by (pangeni et al. 2015) who previously found that this gene isnt expressed in breast cancers that metastasise to the brain. It was also discovered that when GALNT9 was knocked out of normal cells they appeared to become more cancerous. What is being tested here is whether a cloned GALNT9 can be expressed in cells that do not naturally express it in order to prevent or inhibit the development of cancer. This is an important discovery in the development of cancer therapies and preventative measures because metastasis is the single most common cause of cancer-related death. It also should be noted that metastatic breast cancer is commonly found in the brain, which is a guaranteed killer. It is interesting that breast cancers do metastasise in the way because of the complex and well-protected channels that must be used to enter the brain. This suggests that the metastasis occurs for a reason and that the cancerous cells have been developed specifically to metastasise to the brain.       Literature review A cells physiology is maintained by complex dynamic processes that control overall gene expression in the intracellular molecular pathways. cancer progression and metastasis can be caused by the induction of redirected gene regulatory circuits which is often caused by cytogenetic mutations however can also be initiated by non-genetic factors including trauma. Some of these non-genetic factors that can cause cancerisation are mutations in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. When the extracellular matrix increases in stiffness, there appears to be an increase in cell transformation and in cancer cell invasion (Feller, Khammissa, and Lemmer, 2017). Metastasis is the dissemination of neoplastic cancer cells to a secondary site or organ separate from the primary site. For example, if one is diagnosed with breast cancer which then spreads to the brain, this is known as a metastatic growth. Cancer of the brain that has spread in this manner is called metastatic breast cancer as opposed to brain cancer. Metastasis is the single most common cancer-related cause of death. The complex process of metastasis is the least known aspect of cancer biology and research into it is highly current and relevant. There are different oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes (TMGs) and metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs) that can inhibit the metastatic potential and invasive ability of cancerous cells (Efferth, 2009). Metastasis suppressor genes (MSGs) are proteins or molecules that are grouped into this class of genes so based on their ability to influence and suppress metastasis. Little is known about these genes; however, it is known that they come from a range of different biological pathways (Yoshida, 2000). At the site of metastasis or the secondary site MSGs regulate the growth of tumours. There are over 30 confirmed MSGs although their individual functionality has not necessarily been confirmed. For example,   Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of cancer that is diagnosed by the expression of certain MSGs. The patients of this cancer often show a reduced expression of Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) which inhibits the invasive characteristics of a tumour (Frankenberger et al., 2015). It is known that different MSGs target different stages in the metastatic cascade, an interesting and potentially therapeutic find is that some MSGs promote dormancy at the secondary site. MSGs have little or no effect on the primary site however, metastasis frequently occurs before primary resection therefore if the cells are moving to a secondary site as dormant cells, there is an eliminated risk. Research into cloning these MSGs is ongoing with the intention that a successfully cloned MSG may have the capacity to suppress metastasis from a different part of the body. Questions are also being raised as to whether these MSGs can be expressed in a foreign environment and whether a previously active tumour can be returned to a dormant state (Murugaesu et al., 2012).   Ã‚  

Shakespeare’s Henry V :: Journalism Essays

Shakespeare’s Henry V Imagine†¦chivalry between the kings of England and France clashing like a jouster’s lance slamming into the shield of its opponent. The impact may or may not have thrown the knight of his horse, but the King’s College production of Shakespeare’s Henry V knocked me of my seat. It was the most captivating college performances I’ve ever experienced. Not only did it impress me, the production sucker punched my doubts about college plays. Shakespeare’s Henry V is based on the story about England’s successful campaign to conquer France. Written in 1599, the play is still being reproduced by play-rights and actors alike. Perhaps it’s the plays legendary theme of patriotism or the dramatic courage of King Henry that keeps the masterpiece alive. Either or Shakespeare had shaped the structure of theater and developed a marvelous way of entertainment for telling a story. Director J. Gerald Godwin rendition bought about the traditional perspective of Henry V close to perfection. Due to the brilliant use of the dynamic stage which drew attention from the audience on seven angles, Godwin set not only the mood of the dark ages but also brought the audience back to the future. The well-planed compositions of the thrust stage and meticulous selection of the magnificent cast forced it to set the ton. Al Vota fit the stereotypical medieval King of England with his clean-cut beard beneath his pointy noise. Was it his powerful voice projecting forcefully or his cocky attitude towards his mighty men—wearing ridiculously snug tights—making him outshine the rest of the cast? A remarkable scene with Cassie Westover (Princess Katherine of France) and King Henry clashing with their distinct language barrier also stands out in my mind. The two matched each other’s level of performance and made an impressive pair. Needless to say, Al Vota’s performance may have been the greatest factor that harnessed the attention of the audience. Cassie’s uncanny ability to speak French fluently—without previous education—is an impressive approach to capture her character properly. Her tone of voice and face expressions spoke enough. It’s bazaar that you can understand what a person is trying to say even with broken English. Her ability to perform effectively drew the magical twist of romance within the masculine theme of war and violence. Another great performer that showed an impressive talent on acting his part is Daniel J.

Quentins Passion and Desire in The Sound and the Fury Essay example --

Quentin's Passion and Desire in The Sound and the Fury    As Quentin Compson travels through the countryside with his college friends, the reality of the situation becomes terribly confused by memories and past feelings. After a little girl follows him for miles around town, his own sexuality reaches the forefront of his consciousness and transforms itself into disjointed memories of his sister Caddy. Quentin's constant obsession in William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury, surrounds a defining sexual act with his sister. Though the physical act never appears in plain language, Quentin's apparent lapse into an inner monologue demonstrates his overwhelming fixation with Caddy as well as a textured representation of their relationship. Sexual language pervades his inner consciousness - scents, sounds and colors represent his passion and desire. Elements of nature, when associated with his sister, become erotic; the tiers of description, no matter how seemingly mundane, tend to be steeped in sexuality. Quentin's lapse into past events with Caddy begins in the midst of typical conversation with his friends as they drive through town. His attention to reality is shattered by an unconscious slip into thoughts of his sister. As the eyes of the little girl snap Quentin into a reverie of sexual exploration, his words wander haphazardly, even before the image of his sister, prone on the banks of the river, comes to mind. "If I tried to hard to stop it I'd be crying and I thought about how I'd thought about I could not be a virgin, with so many of them walking along in the shadows and whispering with their soft girlvoices lingering in the shadowy places and the words coming out and perfume and eyes you could f... ... environment to evoke such passion. Although Faulkner rarely refers to sexual acts directly, the use of language through Quentin's consciousness and internal monologue is so rampant with erotic metaphor and passionate depth, that a simple object, such as a pocket knife, transforms into the most vital of symbols. Works Cited and Consulted Faulkner, William. The Sound and the Fury. New York: Vintage Books, 1984. Harold, Brent. "The Volume and Limitations of Faulkner's Fictional Method." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 11, 1975. Hoffman, F. J. and Vickery, O. W.   William Faulkner:   Three Decades of Criticism.   New York, Harbinger, 1960. Irwin, John T. "A Speculative Reading of Faulkner" Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 14, 1975. Polk, N.   New Essays On:   The Sound and the Fury.   Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1993.  

Be Sure You’re Right, Then Go Ahead Essay

The Davy Crockett Gun Craze by Sarah Nilsen is an article about the effects of gunplay in the Davy Crockett cartoon series in the 1950s. The cartoon series depicted Davy Crockett as a hero with a gun, and to the younger viewers, it portrayed to them that guns were acceptable to use in play. The author, Sarah Nilsen, is a professor at the University of Vermont, and she teaches the history of television and film and how they affected popular culture and their influence on the audience (UVM.edu). In the article, Nilsen believes that the media can control their audience by portraying something in a positive light, and she uses the Davy Crockett craze as an example of how cartoons can change the image of guns to the public. With the use of examples and quotes in the article, Nilsen’s article flows well and provides a sufficient amount of information about the Davy Crockett gun craze. Throughout the article, Nilsen provides many great examples to help prove her point. A strong examp le that helped strengthen the article when she pointed out that in 1942, Disney came out with the film Bambi that was â€Å"anti-hunting and anti-gun,† which was contradictory of Disney because about 10 years later, Disney produced the Davy Crockett cartoon series that promoted gun use where the gun was the â€Å"center of his image and message† (Nilsen 3). This example helped prove her point that Disney is very contradictory of itself and the messages that they are sending children. Nilsen used another example that was a report of what a child said to show that the Disney shows were influencing children using guns; â€Å"In Brooklyn, New York, a six-year-old son of a policeman asked his father for real bullets because his little sister ‘doesn’t die for real when I shoot her like they do when Hopalong Cassidy kills ’em'† (Nilsen 4). Nilsen is showing the reader that children are being influenced by what they watch and it’s causing them to be desensitized about guns. Guns are seen as normal and since they are portrayed as toys, people aren’t going to be safe with them as they should be. Along with strong examples to help prove her points, Nilsen also uses many quotes in the article to support her points and show the reader that her points are valid and has done sufficient research. For example, she takes a quote from what media theorist Daniel Dayan when he says â€Å"ideology is hidden  in our very eyes† (Nilsen 2). She uses his quote as a reference and in the next sentence she validates the quote by saying that the Davy Crockett series displays the ideology that contradicts the message (Nilsen 2). All in all, Sarah Nilsen’s article, â€Å"Be Sure You’re Right, Then Go Ahead†: The Davy Crockett Gun Craze, is an overall excellent article. Nilsen draws out many great points through examples and stories to support her points. Her knowledge of the subject is eminent through her control of writing and use of valid sources to help validate her points. The writing had substance and flowed well to keep the reader on track and focused on the writing.

Human Rights/ Child Abuse Essay

History of the issue. Have similar issues been dealt with in the past? How has it been solved, or has it? In this amazing world that we live in people are unfortunately treated unfairly everyday. Although a list of Human Rights have been developed a lot of people don’t receive the respect that we all deserve, including children. Child abuse is a worldwide issue that has been going on for many years. Here in the United States over 3 million reports of child abuse are made every year. Child abuse occurs at every social level and within every religion, ethnicity, and culture. Throughout history there have been many people that try to solve this common problem, but unfortunately I think society will forever struggle with child abuse. In the past two rights were at the base of the mistreatment of children: the right to own property and the right to own children. Throughout history children were considered to be owned property and were forced to do whatever their parents needed them to do. In a common household the father would make all of the disciplinary decisions. In ancient Rome the father had the authority to sell, kill, sacrifice or do whatever he saw fit with his children. If a child was born deformed, weak or sick it was very common for the father to declare that the child was unfit to live. Historically parents used their children for profit by placing them in apprenticeships, workhouses, orphanages, placement mills, factories, farms and mines. These children were forced to work sixteen-hour days and were often whipped to make them work harder. In the 1960’s physical abuse and child neglect were officially recognized because of the development of radiology. But it wasn’t until the 1980’s and 1990’s that sexual and emotional/mental abuse was declared another form of child abuse. So here we are in 2011, but child abuse isn’t left in the past it goes on today in disturbing numbers. Our society has developed many definitions to the problem but no answers. Hopefully someday society will find an answer to this ongoing struggle of child abuse throughout the world.

Fashion Marketing and Promotion Research Proposal

Fashion Marketing and Promotion - Research Proposal Example The very nature of fashion, where change is intrinsic, gives emphasis to marketing activities " (Easey, 2008, p7). Essentially fashion marketing is composed of elements of fashion designing and marketing management which are combined together to develop a comprehensive marketing plan for fashion products. This marketing strategy and the related plan is composed of different tasks relative to the elements of promotions, advertising, retailing, branding, affiliate marketing, and distribution. In order to be a successful fashion, marketers have to be future-oriented with forecast information about the market. The fashion industry demands that in order to have an effective fashion marketing strategy, companies need to understand and identify their customers, the trends in the fashion industry as well as how the branding and the marketing of their products/ services effects the purchase behavior of the consumers. This knowledge is the main resource available to fashion marketers to develop a marketing strategy for their fashion based products and services. Marketing in the fashion industry is often difficult as the industry is very volatile with constant changes taking place in its external as well as internal environments. As a result, the approaches taken towards fashion marketing have to be adjusted and revamped in order to effectively target the latest and future trends.A corporate strategy of any company provides the overall strategy and objectives of the company along with its orientation. The factors that are related to customers and those that influence their demand are identified for the corporate strategy and employed with a competitor analysis to determine a differentiated strategy for the organization. The internal and external elements that affect the business operations and future continuity are identified and addressed in the corporate strategy along with the determination of a strategic path of business for an organization. The strategic path encompasses the policies, procedures, values, resources and the overall objectives of the organization which are explicitly depicted in the corporate strategy of any company.

Leading Organisational Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leading Organisational Change - Assignment Example the group members are actively involved and made sensitive about the internal processes which are taking place and encouraging them to analyze the overall process. Firstly, there should be proper questions framed so that it is able to address all the interpersonal issues which were being witnessed in the system in relation to rigidity towards accepting innovative changes and avoidance towards collaborative working style implementation across all SBUs. Secondly, the intervention would comprise of a period of process-analysis where the required process to be incorporated will be analyzed in advance by gaining opinion from all the team members of VRD Industries. Next step is dedicated towards designing various testing procedures and setting the required agenda for change so that motives behind such organizational change can easily be communicated across the team. In this intervention there needs to be a proper training program which will incorporate interpersonal process and their outco mes. Meeting would be held by the topmost authority and change agents so as to analyze the areas of interpersonal skills amongst employees which need further improvement to bring forth the planned change. This training program will be undertaken by experts so that conceptual thinking regarding interpersonal issues can be incorporated and better analyzed. This knowledge would enable employees to overcome the resistance which was present in them related to organizational change which was necessary for VRD Industries. Major problems identified in VRD Industries need to be resolved effectively so that brand position of the company can be secured in the industry. Team building intervention is an effective tool which can help to resolve such issues and develop the required interpersonal skills amongst the team members. This refers to wide range of planned activities that facilitates group members to enhance their problem solving and interpersonal skills and even improves the overall

Buddhism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Buddhism - Research Paper Example Gautama Buddha also introduced the concept of Nirvana, which stated that after doing all the good deeds possible, a person would achieve the highest level of eternal happiness. Buddhism can be categorized into Theravada and Mahayana and is spread over the countries including Sri Lanka, Thailand, China, Japan and other eastern nations in the Asian continent. The branch of Vajrayana is mainly practiced in Tibet and Mongolia, making Buddhism the most practiced religion in the region of Asia. â€Å"Estimates of Buddhists worldwide vary significantly depending on the way Buddhist adherence is defined. Lower estimates are between 350–500 million† (Lopez). The fundamentals of Buddhist customs, cultures and practices are ritually based on the Three Gems, the Buddha, the teachings and the society. â€Å"Taking refuge  in the triple gem has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhistà ¢â‚¬  (Padmasambhava, Kontrul and Kunsang). There are other different practices in the religion of Buddhism too. These particularly include moral principles, support of society and the community, putting aside the luxurious manner of life and adapting to the type of the life that Gautama Buddha lived. It also promotes the personal development through the development of the mind and meditating whenever required. Furthermore, there is preferment of achieving a higher level of wisdom and intelligence by gaining of the worldly and the divine knowledge, especially, the teachings of Gautama Buddha, conducting a thorough study of the manuscripts and devoting one’s self to the cause of the welfare of others. With these Gautama Buddha had aspired for an ideal society, for he believed that practicing his beliefs would not only lead to a peaceful and a harmonious society, but also ensure that there are no violations of human rights. If the history of the religion of Buddhism is brought under philosophical analysis, it would become evident that Buddhism had its roots embedded in the religious status quo of India, at that time, which is believed to be a few years before the birth of Christ. During this period, the Indian regions as well as other countries of Asia were mired by the social differences. There also existed tumult on the end of the religion, since India was divided into the caste system, which was a major result of social divide in the country.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It was challenged by numerous new  ascetic  religious and philosophical groups and teachings that broke with the Brahmanic tradition and rejected the authority of the  Vedasand the  Brahmans† (Warder).   Looking at the inspiration from where the religion of Buddhism commenced, it is obvious that Gautama Buddha too gave up his life in order to achieve the aforementioned eternal peace and happiness, which he termed as Nirvana. After seeing the cruelty and injustice in the society, â€Å"G autama was determined to complete his spiritual quest. At the age of 35, he famously sat inmeditation  under a  sacred fig  tree — known as the  Bodhi tree  Ã¢â‚¬â€ in the town of  Bodh Gaya, India, and vowed not to rise before achieving  enlightenment. After many days, he finally destroyed the  fetters  of his mind, thereby  liberating himself  from the  cycle of suffering and rebirth, and arose as a  fully enlightened being. Soon thereafter, he attracted a band of followers and instituted a  monastic order. Now, as the Buddha, he spent the rest of his life teaching

Analyzing Understanding the War on Terror 3rd Edition Essay

Analyzing Understanding the War on Terror 3rd Edition - Essay Example It was probably then when the notion of America on war with terrorism took birth. Later on, George W. Bush, US President and other officials of USA having high ranks used this term of War on Terror extensively to show that America is against terrorism and the organisations that use weapons and keep armaments for the purpose of spreading terror. This campaign was started because these terrorist organisations were not only causing threat to USA but they are threatening to other countries as well. Such militant organisations are dangerous for humanity on the whole. The phrase of the war on terror is particularly used against militant Islamic organisations like al-Qaeda. On the other hand, the present President of USA Barack Obama does not use the terminology of war on terror officially as he makes use of the term Overseas Contingency Operation for the same idea as that of war on terror. But the term of the war on terror is still in use and is used by political persons in media and some parts of government also makes use of it e.g. Global War on Terrorism Service Medal. Some people believe that the term of the war on terror was introduced by the US President George W. Bush after the 9/11 terrorists attacks on the twin towers of USA. The term the war of terror is developed to show America’s clash with the people who have Islamic extremist thoughts. This term of the war on terror was selected by George W. Bush when the higher officials of USA wanted to introduce the term "global struggle against violent extremism† (Coaty and Babst, pp. 222–228). USA had already a strained relationship with Iraq and also with Afghanistan which was led by Taliban. This stress in relationship occurred as a result of Gulf War of 1991 but the situation worsened and the terrorists’ attacks on the Twin Towers on 9 September 2011 made the US President Bush to take some steps against terrorism. The attack on the Twin Towers is observed as the attack on humanity and not on USA alone. Terrorism is a problem which has threatened not only America but also its allies and other independent countries. Furthermore, after the 9/11 attacks on the Twin Towers the anthrax-laced letters which were sent to USA took the lives of five American people and it is thought to be the worst biological attack in the history of USA created by Islamist militant extremists, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). As these events occurred together so United States of America had to take an action. The union of happenings forced USA to make amendments in its foreign policy as well as domestic policy. As a consequence, American officials drafted USA Patriot Act and also developed Department of Homeland Security. These steps helped in the renovation of the security measures such as operation involving investigation and intelligence. Along with the alterations made in the domestic and foreign policy the President Bush ordered the Taliban government of Afghani stan to give Osama Bin Laden to the US government. It was suspected that Osama bin Laden was the hand behind these terrorists’ attacks and it is he who developed the whole plan of terrorism and executed it. Along with Osama bin Laden, US government wanted to capture other members of al-Qaeda which could be a threat for any further act of terrorism. But the government of Taliban did not accept the orders of President Bush which made US President to start operations of war against

Rationalism vs. Empiricism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rationalism vs. Empiricism - Essay Example . Contrary to empiricists, rationalists embrace deduction. This means being able to prove something by relying on certainty and not reason. For instance, Descartes relied on deductive reasoning as a way of proving God’s existence. Conversely, empiricism denotes a belief in the sense perception as the source of knowledge. For example, John Locke explained this belief by dividing sense perception into two parts that include simple and complex ideas. The simple ideas emerge from only on perception. This may include for example, perception of color or size. On the other hand, complex ideas are derived by combining the simple ideas (Alexander 58). Further, another belief that separates empiricism from rationalism involves the acquisition of ideas through experience. In essence, ideas according to empiricists, are not acquired through an innate process. Empiricism does not embrace innate ideas in the sense that, knowledge varies. For instance, a child’s mind is a tabula rasa, but learns from experience. In essence, if they possess the knowledge, they should use it from the start. According to Lock, simple ideas emanate from experience, and those ideas are combined to form complex ideas. In addition, empiricism contrary to rationalism endorse a belief in induction. This is the belief that only a few phenomenon are proven conclusively. For example, people identify things through their sense perception. However, most perceptions cannot be concluded to agree with the objects being perceived (Alexander 65).